References on Using Human Beings Instead of Non-human Primates
The following are just a few references that involve people for studies that are being conducted on non-human primates, sometimes concurrently in the same report of a study and sometimes demonstrating substantive differences between the species. These provide evidence to argue against the need for non-human primates when the researchers are getting the same information from ethical studies involving people. They are listed alphabetically by first author.
Although they have as much as 95.1% sequence identity, human and cynomolgus monkey aldehyde oxidase are kinetically distinct. Therefore, monkeys may not be good estimators of drug clearance in humans.
Yet, across species, the underlying eccentricity representations corresponding to these macroanatomical structures differ strikingly across humans and macaques. Thus, the correspondence between retinotopic representation and cortical folding for an evolutionarily old structure like V1 is species-specific and suggests potential differences in developmental and experiential constraints across primates.
2011-03-01: Atack, J.R.; Hallett, D.J.; Tye, S.; Wafford, K.A.; Ryan, C.; Sanabria-Bohorquez, S.M.; Eng, Wai-si; Gibson, R.E.; Burns, H.D.; Dawson, G.R.; Carling, R.W.; Street, L.J.; Pike, A.; De Lepeleire, I.; Van Laere, K.; Bormans, G.; de Hoon, J.N.; Van Hecken, A.; McKernan, R.M.; Murphy, M.G. and Hargreaves, R.J. "Preclinical and clinical pharmacology of TPA023B, a GABAA receptor a2/a3 subtype-selective partial agonist" Journal of Psychopharmacology 25(3):329-344
Thirty-five (35) neurologically and psychologically healthy volunteers with normal or corrected vision...
2009-09-01: Barraclough, Nick E.; Keith, Rebecca H.; Xiao, Dengke; Oram Mike W. and Perrett, David I. "Visual adaptation to goal-directed hand actions" Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 21(9):1806-1819
2020-03-04: Barrett, Rachel L.C.; Dawson, Matthew; Dyrby, Tim B.; Krug, Kristine; Ptito, Maurice; D'Arceuil, Helen; Croxson, Paula L.; Johnson, Philippa J.; Howells, Henrietta; Forkel, Stephanie J.; Dell'Acqua, Flavio and Catani, Marco "Differences in Frontal Network Anatomy Across Primate Species" The Journal of Neuroscience 40(10):2094-2107
A clinical study in overweight human participants demonstrated that a single dose of BFKB8488A caused transient body weight reduction, sustained improvement in cardiometabolic parameters, and a trend toward reduction in preference for sweet taste and carbohydrate intake.
2020-03-06: Beuriat, Pierre-Aurélien; Cristofori, Irene; Richard, Nathalie; Bardi, Lara; Loriette, Celia; Szathmari, Alexandru; Di Rocco, Federico; Leblond, Pierre; Frappaz, Didier; Faure-Conter, Cécile; Claude, Line; Mottolese, Carmine and Desmurget, Michel "Cerebellar lesions at a young age predict poorer long-term functional recovery" Brain Communications 2(1):fcaa027
We studied the impact or early cerebellar damage on long-term functional recovery in three groups of 15 posterior fossa survivors, comparable with respect to their tumour characteristics (type, size and location) but operated at different ages...
Furthermore, we stratified a cohort of 49 patients with autism and 72 healthy controls of 1112 subjects using functional connectivity patterns, and identified dysconnectivity profiles similar to those in monkeys.
2022-03-14: Cendrowicz, Ewa; Jacob, Lisa; Greenwald, Shirley; Tamir, Ami; Pecker, Iris; Tabakman, Rinat; Ghantous, Lucy; Tamir, Liat; Kahn, Roy; Avichzer, Jasmine; Aronin, Alexandra; Amsili, Shira; Zorde-Khvalevsky, Elina; Gozlan, Yosi; Vlaming, Martijn; Huls, Gerwin; van Meerten, Tom; Dranitzki, Michal Elhalel; Foley-Comer, Adam; Pereg, Yaron; Peled, Amnon; Chajut, Ayelet and Bremer, Edwin "DSP107 combines inhibition of CD47/SIRPa axis with activation of 4-1BB to trigger anticancer immunity" Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 41(1):97
2022-03-31: Chang, Xiao L.; Reed, Jason S.; Webb, Gabriela M.; Wu, Helen L.; Le, Jimmy; Bateman, Katherine B.; Greene, Justin M.; Pessoa, Cleiton; Waytashek, Courtney; Weber, Whitney C.; Hwang, Joseph; Fischer, Miranda; Moats, Cassandra; Shiel, Oriene; Bochart, Rachele M.; Crank, Hugh; Siess, Don; Giobbi, Travis; Torgerson, Jeffrey; Agnor, Rebecca; Gao, Lina; Dhody, Kush; Lalezari, Jacob P.; Bandar, Ivo Sah; Carnate, Alnor M.; Pang, Alina S.; Corley, Michael J.; Kelly, Scott; Pourhassan, Nader; Smedley, Jeremy; Bimber, Benjamin N.; Hansen, Scott G.; Ndhlovu, Lishomwa C. and Sacha, Jonah B. "Suppression of human and simian immunodeficiency virus replication with the CCR5-specific antibody Leronlimab in two species" PLoS Pathogens 18(3):e1010396
This alteration was not influenced by schizophrenia-associated comorbid factors, was not present in monkeys chronically exposed to antipsychotic medications, and was not present in calretinin interneurons.
Blood and ovarian samples were collected from reproductive age women, rhesus macaques, and mice after completion of chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy and from age-matched patients and animals without chemotherapy agent or radiation exposure to serve as controls.
The distribution of FA in the central nervous system of humans and monkeys is different and, in addition, in these species the vitamin was located in different parts of the nerve cells.
We presented a novel computerized task to capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella), rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), and preschool-aged children (Homo sapiens). This task trained subjects to choose faces over nonface images, and then presented pareidolia images with nonface images. All species selected faces most often on trials that included face images. However, only children selected pareidolia images at levels above chance. These results indicate that while children report perceiving face pareidolia, monkeys do not.
Here we attempted to induce plastic changes in the LLSR [long-latency stretch reflex] by pairing noninvasive stimuli that are known to activate reticulospinal pathways, at timings predicted to cause spike timing-dependent plasticity in the brainstem. In healthy human subjects, reflex responses in flexor muscles were recorded following extension perturbations at the elbow.
We tested predictions from this theory by studying how 3 tufted capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.) and 6 humans (Homo sapiens) used a hoe to retrieve a token.
2022-04-12: Garin, Clément M.; Hori, Yuki; Everling, Stefan; Whitlow, Christopher T.; Calabro, Finnegan J.; Luna, Beatriz; Froesel, Mathilda; Gacoin, Maëva; Ben Hamed, Suliann; Dhenain, Marc and Constantinidis, Christos "An evolutionary gap in primate default mode network organization" Cell Reports 39(2):110669
Here, based on a cross-species comparison of the DMN [default mode network] between humans and non-hominoid primates (macaques, marmosets, and mouse lemurs), we report major dissimilarities in connectivity profiles. Most importantly, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of non-hominoid primates is poorly engaged with the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), though strong correlated activity between the human PCC and the mPFC is a key feature of the human DMN. Instead, a fronto-temporal resting-state network involving the mPFC was detected consistently across non-hominoid primate species. These common functional features shared between non-hominoid primates but not with humans suggest a substantial gap in the organization of the primate’s DMN and its associated cognitive functions.
These results suggest that the functional roles of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes expressed in the liver and intestines in the metabolism of BPA extensively differ among humans, monkeys, dogs, rats, and mice.
Forty neonates (15 female, 25 male; mean gestational age at birth = 38.99 weeks, gestational age range at scan = 37–44 weeks) were obtained from the initial release of the Developing Human Connectome Project (dHCP, http://www.developingconnectome.org) [40]. ... Forty adults (15 female, 25 male; age range 22–36 years) were obtained from the Human Connectome Project (HCP), WU-Minn HCP 1200 Subjects Data Release (https://www.humanconnectome.org/study/hcp-young-adult) [41].
We here applied repetitive pneumatic stimulation of digit 1 (D1; thumb) and digit 5 (D5; little finger) on both hands to investigate finger/hand representation maps in the complete S1, but also in cytoarchitectonic Areas 1, 2, 3a, and 3b separately, in 21 healthy volunteers using 3T fMRI.
We then used fMRI to identify where in the human brain the immediate value of exploitative choices and relative uncertainty about the value of exploratory choices were encoded. ... These results clarify the interplay between prefrontal and motivational circuits that supports adaptive explore-exploit decisions in humans...
This study confirmed that there are large differences in hydrolase activities between humans and marmosets...The data obtained in this study may be useful for considering whether marmosets are appropriate for examining the pharmacokinetics and efficacies of new chemical entities in preclinical studies.
While we could match several marmoset and human resting-state networks based on their functional fingerprints, we also found a few striking differences, for example, strong functional connectivity of the default mode network with the superior colliculus in marmosets that was much weaker in humans. Together, these findings demonstrate that many of the core cortico-subcortical networks in humans are also present in marmosets, but that small, potentially functionally relevant differences exist.
...we performed a psychophysical experiment in which human participants (n = 23) sampled the liquids used in the monkey experiments and rated subjective perceptions of the mouthfeel produced by the liquids...
Here, we used a combination of approaches—including neuroimaging assays of threat anticipation and emotional-face perception and more than 10,000 momentary assessments of emotional experience—to demonstrate that individuals who showed greater activation in a cingulo-opercular circuit during an anxiety-eliciting laboratory paradigm experienced lower levels of stressor-dependent distress in their daily lives (ns = 202–208 university students).
2021-10-07: Johansson, Pia A.; Brattås, Per Ludvik; Douse, Christopher H.; Hsieh, PingHsun; Adami, Anita; Pontis, Julien; Grassi, Daniela; Garza, Raquel; Sozzi, Edoardo; Cataldo, Rodrigo; Jönsson, Marie E.; Atacho, Diahann A.M.; Pircs, Karolina; Eren, Feride; Sharma, Yogita; Johansson, Jenny; Fiorenzano, Alessandro; Parmar, Malin; Fex, Malin; Trono, Didier; Eichler, Evan E.; and Jakobsson, Johan "A cis-acting structural variation at the ZNF558 locus controls a gene regulatory network in human brain development" Cell Stem Cell S1934-5909(21):00384-2
ZNF558 is uniquely expressed in human but not chimpanzee forebrain progenitors
2021-06-01: Johnson, Luke A.; Aman, Joshua E.; Yu, Ying; Sanabria, David Escobar; Wang, Jing; Hill, Meghan; Dharnipragada, Rajiv; Patriat, Remi; Fiecas, Mark; Li, Laura; Schrock, Lauren E.; Cooper, Scott E.; Johnson, Matthew D.; Park, Michael C.; Harel, Noam and Vitek, Jerrold L. "High-Frequency Oscillations in the Pallidum: A Pathophysiological Biomarker in Parkinson's Disease?" Movement Disorders 36(6):1332-1341
Spontaneous and movement-related GPi field potentials were recorded from DBS leads in 5 externalized PD patients on and off dopaminergic medication, as well as from 3 rhesus monkeys before and after the induction of parkinsonism with the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine.
2022-04-19: Kawada, Mikaze; Nakatsukasa, Masato; Nishimura, Takeshi; Kaneko, Akihisa; Ogihara, Naomichi; Yamada, Shigehito; Coudyzer, Walter; Zollikofer, Christoph P.E.; Ponce de León, Marcia S. and Morimoto, Naoki "Human shoulder development is adapted to obstetrical constraints" Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 119(16):e2114935119
Here we address this question by tracking the development of shoulder width from fetal to adult stages in humans, chimpanzees, and Japanese macaques. Compared with nonhuman primates, shoulder development in humans follows a different trajectory, exhibiting reduced growth relative to trunk length before birth and enhanced growth after birth.
We describe the remarkable case of a medically healthy right-handed 15-year-old boy who developed an ischemic infarct of the banks of the right parieto-occipital sulcus (POs). ... We describe the neuroanatomy and neurophysiology of the dorsal visual stream and correlate the localization of this type of infarct in our patient with the known functional neuroanatomy. Although lesional studies in Macaque monkeys and functional MRI studies in humans have documented the clinical-functional correlations of POs lesions and perceived motion deficits, our case is one of the very first human cases in the literature that pinpoints the Zeitraffer phenomenon to a specific and strategic circumscribed ischemic stroke in the region of the POs.
We collected three-dimensional trunk kinematic data during bipedal walking in six humans and five Japanese macaques. The human subjects walked on a treadmill, and the animal subjects walked on a 5-m runway.
Six healthy male subjects were each administered a single oral dose of 60 mg [14C]-deflazacort. Plasma and urine were collected and deflazacort metabolites in plasma were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography radio-profiling followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry characterization.
2021-04-09: Kong, Xiang-Zhen; Postema, Merel; Schijven, Dick; Castillo, Amaia Carrión; Pepe, Antonietta; Crivello, Fabrice; Joliot, Marc; Mazoyer, Bernard; Fisher, Simon E. and Francks, Clyde "Large-Scale Phenomic and Genomic Analysis of Brain Asymmetrical Skew" Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) bhab075
These results provide the first large-scale description of population-average brain skews and their inter-individual variations, their replicable associations with handedness, and insights into biological and other factors which associate with human brain asymmetry.
Serum from various human donor cohorts was obtained with Ethics committee approval and informed consent obtained from BioIVT (Hicksville, NY) normal healthy adults (n = 6), adults with =1 sexual partner (n = 30), pediatric donors (age 1–5 days; n = 10), HPV+ serum from cervical cancer patients at CIN2/3 staging (Proteogenex Inglewood, CA; n = 3)...
Given the favorable benefit-to-risk ratio of molecularly-cloned myeloid growth factors, their use soon after exposure to acute, high-dose whole-body ionizing radiations is reasonable.
The location of the RTN [retrotrapezoid nucleus] in human adults is provided. This should help to develop investigation tools combining anatomic high-resolution imaging and respiratory functional investigations to explore the pathogenic role of the RTN in congenital or acquired neurodegenerative diseases.
Our results provide on a comprehensive view of the evolutionary pathways of the human CNS and can serve as a reference for the study of human brain development.
In the present study, in vivo metabolic profiling in humans and monkeys after the oral administration of two 14C-labeled compounds was performed to investigate species differences of the cleavage pathways.
The HIV-ART-vedolizumab-ATI (HAVARTI) trial is a single-arm, dose-ranging pilot trial in healthy HIV-positive adult volunteers receiving ART. Twelve consenting persons will be enrolled in sequential groups of 4 to each serial dosing vedolizumab regimen (300 mg, 150 mg, 75 mg). The primary outcomes are: (1) to assess the safety and tolerability of seven serial infusions of vedolizumab at each of three doses; (2) to identify the immunovirological measures, including pVL and T-cell kinetics, that characterise HIV/ART cases before, during, after vedolizumab treatment and ATI; and (3) to seek SVR of pVL after ATI. Secondary outcomes will include immune reconstitution and pVL suppression as well as immune reconstitution and long-term safety following re-initiation of ART in the absence of SVR.
Here we present results from a novel behavioral task in which both monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and humans localized visual and auditory stimuli and reported their perceived sources through saccadic eye movements.
2022-02-08: Mortberg, Meredith A.; Zhao, Hien T.; Reidenbach, Andrew G.; Gentile, Juliana E.; Kuhn, Eric; O'Moore, Jill; Dooley, Patrick M.; Connors, Theresa R.; Mazur, Curt; Allen, Shona W.; Trombetta, Bianca A.; McManus, Alison J.; Moore, Matthew R.; Liu, Jiewu; Cabin, Deborah E.; Kordasiewicz, Holly B.; Mathews, Joel; Arnold, Steven E.; Vallabh, Sonia M. and Minikel, Eric Vallabh "PrP concentration in the central nervous system: regional variability, genotypic effects, and pharmacodynamic impact" JCI Insight e156532
Twenty-six children (ages 5–12 years, 17 females) and 28 adults (ages 22–28 years, 14 females) participated in our study. ... MRI data were collected using a 3 T GE scanner in the Center for Cognitive and Neurobiological Imaging at Stanford University.
The goal of the present experiments was to determine whether electrophysiologic response properties of the ON and OFF visual pathways observed in animal experimental models can be observed in humans.
...two key properties of ON versus OFF pathways found in single-unit recordings are recapitulated at the population level of activity that can be observed with scalp electrodes, allowing differential assessment of ON and OFF pathway activity in human.
We used the chromatic visual evoked potential, the cVEP, to study responses in human visual cortex evoked by equiluminant color stimuli for six male and 11 female observers.
Studies using [14C]-radiolabeled rezafungin were conducted in rats, monkeys, and humans to characterize the mass balance, excretion, and pharmacokinetics of [14C]-rezafungin and to evaluate relative amounts of rezafungin metabolites compared with parent drug.
2021-04-16: Orczyk, John; Schroeder, Charles E.; Abeles, Ilana Y.; Gomez-Ramirez, Manuel; Butler, Pamela D. and Kajikawa, Yoshinao "Comparison of Scalp ERP to Faces in Macaques and Humans" Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience 15:667611
...we used high spatial resolution 7T fMRI to study the response to thermonoxious skin stimulation. We observed the predicted response of BA3a in the depth of the central sulcus in five human volunteers. ... Ablation of this region has been shown to reduce pain sensibility and might offer an effective means of ameliorating some pathological pain conditions.
Specifically, black letters on a white background (high contrast between figure and ground) are judged to be taller than gray letters and gray pseudoletters on a white background (low contrast between figure and ground) for adult humans. In the current study, we assessed whether this effect would extend to nonverbal stimuli (shapes) such that high-contrast shapes would lead to greater size estimates relative to low-contrast shapes for human children and rhesus monkeys in a two-choice discrimination task.
Donor human eyes (n = 3) were obtained within 24 h postmortem and all donated material was free of any known retinal pathology and contained no obvious ocular trauma or undiagnosed retinal injury at the time of tissue isolation.
2022-04-01: Phamnguyen, Thienan John; Wijayath, Manori; Bleasel, Andrew; Rahman, Zebunnessa; Bartley, Melissa; Dexter, Mark and Wong, Chong "Localisation and stimulation of the parietal eye field" Epileptic Disorders 24(2):404-410
The dorsal hippocampal commissure (DHC) is a white matter tract that provides interhemispheric connections between temporal lobe brain regions. Despite the importance of these regions for learning and memory, there is scant evidence of a role for the DHC in successful memory performance. We used diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) and white matter tractography to reconstruct the DHC in both humans (in vivo) and nonhuman primates (ex vivo). ... These findings highlight a potential role for the DHC in recognition memory, and our tract reconstruction approach has the potential to generate further novel insights into the role of this previously understudied white matter tract in both health and disease.
Staphylococcal enterotoxin type B (SEB) is associated with food poisoning. Current methods for the detection of biologically active SEB rely upon its ability to cause emesis when administered to live kittens or monkeys. This technique suffers from poor reproducibility and low sensitivity and is ethically disfavored over concerns for the welfare of laboratory animals. The data presented here show the first successful implementation of an alternative method to live animal testing that utilizes SEB super-antigenic activity to induce cytokine production for specific novel cell-based assays for quantifiable detection of active SEB.
To date, projections from DPPC to M1 grasp zone have been identified in monkeys and have been postulated to exist in humans based on clinical and transcranial magnetic studies. This work uses diffusion-MRI tractography in two samples of right- (n = 50) and left-handed (n = 25) subjects randomly selected from the Human Connectome Project. ... Together, these results support the existence of a direct sensory-parietal-motor loop suited for fast manual control and more generally, for any task requiring rapid integration of distal sensorimotor signals.
2021-03-03: Rocchi, Francesca; Oya, Hiroyuki; Balezeau, Fabien; Billig, Alexander J.; Kocsis, Zsuzsanna; Jenison, Rick L.; Nourski, Kirill V.; Kovach, Christopher K.; Steinschneider, Mitchell; Kikuchi, Yukiko; Rhone, Ariane E.; Dlouhy, Brian J.; Kawasaki, Hiroto; Adolphs, Ralph; Greenlee, Jeremy D.W.; Griffiths, Timothy D.; Howard, Matthew A.; and Petkov, Christopher I. "Common fronto-temporal effective connectivity in humans and monkeys" Neuron 109(5):852-868.e8
We harnessed functional imaging to visualize the effects of direct electrical brain stimulation in macaque monkeys and human neurosurgery patients.
2022-03-28: Rokicki, Jaroslav; Kaufmann, Tobias; de Lange, Ann-Marie G.; van der Meer, Dennis; Bahrami, Shahram; Sartorius, Alina M.; Haukvik, Unn K.; Steen, Nils Eiel; Schwarz, Emanuel; Stein, Dan J.; Nærland, Terje; Andreassen, Ole A.; Westlye, Lars T. and Quintana, Daniel S. "Oxytocin receptor expression patterns in the human brain across development" Neuropsychopharmacology
We also show that a network of genes with strong spatiotemporal couplings with OXTR is enriched in several psychiatric illness and body composition phenotypes. Taken together, these results demonstrate that oxytocin signaling plays an important role in a diverse set of psychological and somatic processes across the lifespan.
Here, we performed a cross-species transcriptomic comparison of human and rhesus placenta and determined that while the majority of human placental marker genes (HPGs) were similarly expressed, 952 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the two species. ... Overall, our findings help elucidate the molecular translatability between human and rhesus placenta and reveal notable expression differences in several HPGs and genes implicated in pregnancy complications that should be considered when using the rhesus animal model to study normal and pathological human placentation.
The overall predictivity of the RAF [relative activity factors] approach is consistent with that of the relative expression factor (REF) approach. As the established model can predict Kp,uu,brain and Kp,uu,CSF using only in vitro and physicochemical data, this model would help avoid ethical issues related to animal use and improve CNS drug discovery workflow.
These data suggest that human IgE binds with different characteristics to human and cynomolgus monkey IgE effector cells. This is likely to affect the potency of IgE effector functions in these two species, and so has relevance for the selection of biologically-relevant model systems when designing pre-clinical toxicology and functional studies.
The results revealed significant species differences regarding qualitative and quantitative aspects of microsomal metabolism. None of the tested animal species fully matched human microsomal metabolism of the three A1AR ligands. ... Surprisingly, rhesus macaques appear unsuitable due to large differences in metabolic activity towards the test compounds.
This first-in-human study (NCT02947152) evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary efficacy of HKT288, a first-in-class CDH6-targeting antibody-drug conjugate (ADC).
2021-12-07: Sharma, Vishakha; Creegan, Matthew; Tokarev, Andrey; Hsu, Denise; Slike, Bonnie M.; Sacdalan, Carlo; Chan, Phillip; Spudich, Serena; Ananworanich, Jintanat; Eller, Michael A.; Krebs, Shelly J.; Vasan, Sandhya; Bolton, Diane L.; the RV254/SEARCH010 and RV304/SEARCH013 Study Teams "Cerebrospinal fluid CD4+ T cell infection in humans and macaques during acute HIV-1 and SHIV infection" PLoS Pathogens 17(12):e1010105
The functional definition of the two hand-knob sectors, within a large cohort of patients, show they potentially play different roles in motor control suggesting that the human hand-knob is an anatomo-functional heterogeneous region organized along a motor-cognitive gradient.
2021-05-05: Souder, Dylan C.; Dreischmeier, Isabelle A.; Smith, Alex B.; Wright, Samantha; Martin, Stephen A.; Sagar, Md Abdul Kader; Eliceiri, Kevin W.; Salamat, Shahriar M.; Bendlin, Barbara B.; Colman, Ricki J.; Beasley, T. Mark and Anderson, Rozalyn M. "Rhesus monkeys as a translational model for late-onset Alzheimer's disease" Aging Cell e13374
We collected and analyzed over 6000 recorded datasets from various cortical areas spanning almost 9 years of experiments, totaling 17 rhesus macaques (Macaca Mulatta) and 2 human subjects, and 55 separate microelectrode Utah arrays. ... Using implants in primary motor, premotor, prefrontal, and somatosensory cortices, we found that the average lifespan of available recordings from UEAs was 622 days, although we provide several examples of these UEAs lasting over 1000 days and one up to 9 years; human implants were also shown to last longer than non-human primate implants.
2022-02-15: Toker, Daniel; Pappas, Ioannis; Lendner, Janna D.; Frohlich, Joel; Mateos, Diego M.; Muthukumaraswamy, Suresh; Carhart-Harris, Robin; Paff, Michelle; Vespa, Paul M.; Monti, Martin M.; Sommer, Friedrich T.; Knight, Robert T. and D'Esposito, Mark "Consciousness is supported by near-critical slow cortical electrodynamics" Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 119(7):e2024455119
We therefore applied the modified 0-1 chaos test to low-frequency activity extracted from surface electrocorticography (ECoG) recordings of the cortical electrodynamics of two macaques and five human epilepsy patients during normal waking states, of two macaques and three human epilepsy patients under GABAergic (propofol or propofol and sevoflurane) anesthesia, and of two human epilepsy patients experiencing generalized seizures; we further applied this test to magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings of the cortical electrodynamics of a third human epilepsy patient experiencing a generalized seizure. We also applied the 0-1 chaos test to the low-frequency component of MEG recordings of the cortical electrodynamics of 16 human subjects under the influence of either a saline placebo or LSD...
Using fMRI in untrained macaques and humans, we investigated the brain areas involved in representing two abstract properties of a series of tones: total number of items and tone-repetition pattern.
We present a new software package with a library of standardised tractography protocols devised for the robust automated extraction of white matter tracts both in the human and the macaque brain.
Here, we examined nonadjacent dependency processing in common marmosets, chimpanzees, and humans using "artificial grammars": strings of arbitrary acoustic stimuli composed of adjacent (nonhumans) or nonadjacent (all species) dependencies.
2022-04-22: Wesselink, Daan B.; Sanders, Zeena-Britt; Edmondson, Laura R.; Dempsey-Jones, Harriet; Kieliba, Paulina; Kikkert, Sanne; Themistocleous, Andreas C.; Emir, Uzay; Diedrichsen, Jörn; Saal, Hannes P. and Makin, Tamar R. "Malleability of the cortical hand map following a finger nerve block" Science Advances 8(16):eabk2393
Our findings therefore open up previously unidentified opportunities for restorative applications and brain-computer interface control.
Here we detail the laminar cortical circuitry underlying an attention-associated electric field measured over posterior regions of the brain in humans and monkeys.
...we investigated change of brain functional imaging and the inflammatory mechanism of damage-related molecular patterns (DAMPs)-receptor of advanced glycation protein end product (RAGE) in MDD [major depressive disorder] patients and depressive-like cynomolgus monkeys and mice models induced by chronic stress.
While the structure of the pre-shaping hand postures is similar in humans and macaques, human postures are more object-specific and human joints are less intercorrelated. Conversely, monkeys demonstrate more stereotypical pre-shaping behaviors that are common across all objects and more variability in their postures across repeated presentations of the same object.
The IM [potential immunogenicity] of inotersen in humans was evaluated in a pivotal phase 2/3 clinical study in patients with hereditary TTR [hereditary transthyretin] amyloid polyneuropathy (hATTR-PN).
15 subjects (11 female, age range 22–40 years) participated in the fMRI experiment, 12 of whom (8 female, age range 22–40 years) underwent retinotopic mapping.
Peripersonal space (PPS) is a multisensory representation of the space near body parts facilitating interactions with the close environment. Studies on non-human and human primates agree in showing that PPS is a body part-centered representation that guides actions. Because of these characteristics, growing confusion surrounds peripersonal and arm-reaching space (ARS), that is the space one's arm can reach. Despite neuroanatomical evidence favoring their distinction, no study has contrasted directly their respective extent and behavioral features. Here, in five experiments (N = 140) we found that PPS differs from ARS, as evidenced both by participants' spatial and temporal performance and by its modeling. We mapped PPS and ARS using both their respective gold standard tasks and a novel multisensory facilitation paradigm.
Most importantly, only humans, regardless of age, spontaneously extracted the spatial relations between consecutive items and used a chunking strategy to compress sequences in working memory. Monkeys did not detect such relational structures, even after extensive training.
2022-06-03: Zhou, Xiaoxu; Jeong, Euy-Myoung; Liu, Hong; Kaseer, Bahaa; Liu, Man; Shrestha, Suvash; Imran, Hafiz; Kavanagh, Kylie; Jiang, Ning; Desimone, Lori-Ann; Feng, Feng; Shi, Guangbin; Jeong, Go Eun; Zhou, Anyu; Stockwell, Philip and Dudley, Samuel C. "Circulating S-Glutathionylated cMyBP-C as a Biomarker for Cardiac Diastolic Dysfunction" Journal of the American Heart Association e025295
We studied patients with medial or lateral thalamic lesions (likely involving either the MD [medio-dorsal] or the ventrolateral (VL) nuclei). Patients performed a double-step task testing motor updating, a trans-saccadic localization task testing visual updating, and a localization task during fixation testing a general role of motor signals for visual space in the absence of eye movements.
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